Much of modern medicine since the Middle Ages was born out of the fight against harmful bacteria – the so-called germ theory of disease. Now, though, a growing number of scientists believe bacteria may be the source of an entire new generation of therapeutics. They’re looking at the trillions of (mostly friendly) microorganisms, including over 1,000 bacterial species, found in the human gut.
The collective gene sequences of these bacteria, known as the microbiome, have over the last few years generated a flurry...